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when is produced in photosynthesis ?

### Photosynthesis: The Magic Of Oxygen and Sugar Production

Photosynthesis, a vital process for life on earth, involves green plants, algae, and certain types of bacteria utilizing sunlight to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. This incredible series of chemical transformations not only sustains the life of the plant itself but supports the vast majority of life forms that depend on it for energy and oxygen.

#### The Photosynthesis Puzzle: A Product of Light and Dark Reactions

The biochemical reaction of photosynthesis is beautifully summarized by the equation:

[ 6CO_{2} + 12H_{2}O + Light rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} + 6H_{2}O ]

In this equation, carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and water (H₂O) from the soil are transformed into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), a source of chemical energy for the plant, and oxygen (O₂), which is a crucial byproduct that all animals and humans need to breathe and survive.

But when and where do these products—glucose and oxygen—actually form during the photosynthesis process?

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light reactions and the dark reactions (or Calvin cycle). The light reactions require sunlight and take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy and produce both glucose and oxygen. Specifically, light energy splits molecules of water (H₂O), the by-product of which is oxygen. So, the 6 O₂ molecules produced are indeed water’s dissociation by the enzymes involved in light reactions.

The dark reactions, occurring in the stroma of the chloroplast, utilize the energy-carrying compounds (ATP and NADPH) generated during the light reactions. These reactions are light-independent and their primary purpose is the conversion of CO₂ into glucose.

#### The Importance of Glucose and Oxygen

Glucose is a fundamental product of photosynthesis and is key for the plant. Plants can store glucose in roots, tubers, seeds, or other organs when it’s not immediately utilized for plant metabolism. Animals and humans consume plants to obtain glucose or eat other animals that have eaten plants for the same reason. Insufficient glucose leads to starvation and death, making photosynthesis a crucial process for the food chain and ecosystem.

Oxygen, an inevitable byproduct, is exhaled out of the plant through pores called stomata and disperses into the atmosphere, sustaining life as we know it. Every breath you take—aside from inanimate, plantless settings—is due to the oxygen available in the atmosphere, a side product of plant photosynthesis, which makes up roughly 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere.

To sum up, the wonders of photosynthesis revolve around how the plant kingdom provides sustenance and oxygen through an intricate and continuous cycle—a natural process that’s indispensable to Earth’s biodiversity and its oxygen atmosphere. Through understanding this cycle and appreciating the complexity of photosynthesis, we gain a deeper respect for our planet’s life-supporting mechanisms.

In conclusion, photosynthesis is more than just a scientific process; it is the recipe to life as we know it, where every molecule of oxygen that we breathe in and every bite of plant-based food we ingest is a product of the miraculous and enduring cycle of photosynthesis. Whether you dive into a deep article on photosynthesis or watch videos on the light reactions and their relation to glucose and oxygen production, you get a fascinating insight into the biosphere’s essential machinery.