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how are a level grades calculated ?

**Understanding A-Level Grading: A Clear Explanation**

A-levels are a cornerstone of the UK education system, playing a crucial role in university admissions. Here’s a structured breakdown of how A-level grades are calculated:

1. **Structure of A-Levels**:
– A-levels are divided into two parts: AS (Advanced Subsidiary) in the first year and A2 (Advanced) in the second year. Each subject is graded separately without an overall GPA.

2. **Grading Scale**:
– Grades range from A* (highest) to E. The A* is only awarded at the A2 level, not at AS.

3. **Uniform Mark Scale (UMS)**:
– UMS converts raw marks into a consistent scale, ensuring fairness across different exam components. This system allows for the combination of scores from various parts of an exam.

4. **Grade Boundaries**:
– Set annually by exam boards based on exam difficulty, these boundaries determine the minimum UMS required for each grade. For example, a grade C might require a specific UMS threshold.

5. **Achieving an A* Grade**:
– Typically requires high performance in A2 units, such as at least 90% in subjects like Edexcel Mathematics, along with an overall UMS of 480.

6. **Overall Grade Calculation**:
– The final grade is a sum of UMS scores from AS and A2, with A2 carrying more weight. This emphasizes the importance of performance in the second year.

7. **Exam Board Variations**:
– While all boards use the A*-E scale, specific UMS points may vary. It’s essential to consult your exam board’s guidelines.

8. **Re-sits**:
– Policies vary; some boards allow re-sits, which can impact overall grades. Check specific rules if considering a re-sit.

Understanding this system helps students set goals, prepare effectively, and make informed decisions about subject choices and university applications.