why are tunnels not straight ?

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why are tunnels not straight ?

Here are some links that might be useful to you:

https://practical.engineering/blog/2019/3/9/why-tunnels-dont-collapse

https://practical.engineering/blog/2019/3/9/why-tunnels-dont-collapse
Why Tunnels Don’t Collapse — Practical Engineering
This is why many tunnels are lined with materials like steel or concrete, to provide support to the tunnel walls and transfer the stresses in the subsurface around the tunnel. These lining systems add a major cost to the tunnel construction. Rock, on the other hand, behaves a little bit differently in that it does have some tensile strength.

https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/tunnel.htm

https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/tunnel.htm
How Tunnels Work | HowStuffWorks
Tunnel engineers, like bridge engineers, must be concerned with an area of physics known as statics.Statics describes how the following forces interact to produce equilibrium on structures such as tunnels and bridges: Tension, which expands, or pulls on, material ; Compression, which shortens, or squeezes material ; Shearing, which causes parts of a material to slide past one another in …

https://engineering.science.narkive.com / bWsAbNLi / why-aren-t-tunnels-dug-in-a-straight-line

https://engineering.science.narkive.com / bWsAbNLi / why-aren-t-tunnels-dug-in-a-straight-line
Why aren’t tunnels dug in a straight line?
The reason that tunnels are never dug straight is that if you kept on digging in a straight line you would go down miles and miles and eventually the tunnel would come out where the earth curved away from the direction the tunnel was running in, and that might even be under water, and that’s not good! Warren W- a Mormon engineer. 17 years ago.

https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/gtzlsg/eli5_why_are_all_roads_not_straight

https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/gtzlsg/eli5_why_are_all_roads_not_straight
ELI5: Why are all roads not straight? : r/explainlikeimfive – Reddit
3. Share. SaxAndViolince. • 4 yr. ago. Some places in Australia and America have cities and towns that are grid patterns with incredibly straight roads done for the reasons you mentioned – practicality, resource management, distance; however the reason it could be done so is because such cities or towns are commonly ‘new’, they were designed …

https://www.isec-society.org/ISEC_PRESS/ASEA-SEC_02/pdf/C-37_v4_282.pdf

https://www.isec-society.org/ISEC_PRESS/ASEA-SEC_02/pdf/C-37_v4_282.pdf
PDF Segment Cracks and Alignment Issues for Tunneling Construction – Isec
Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), cable and service tunnels. Most of the tunnel alignments were not straight. The primary reason is that physical barriers, including pile foundations, utility service lines, and geology make for curved tunnel alignments along the tunneling route. Today, most tunnel construction is based on shield-tunneling

https://www.londonxlondon.com/blackwall-tunnel

https://www.londonxlondon.com/blackwall-tunnel
The Hidden Secrets of the Blackwall Tunnel — London x London
Why Is the Blackwall Tunnel Not Straight? When you drive through the Blackwall Tunnel, you may notice several sharp turns along the length of it. While most of the bends can be explained as a means to avoid obstacles under the ground, such as the sewer system, there is another very practical reason for the turns in the . …

https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ijf1p/eli5_why_are_tunnels_round

https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ijf1p/eli5_why_are_tunnels_round
ELI5: Why are tunnels round? : r/explainlikeimfive – Reddit
Square tunnels are actually quite common, but the square shape is more prone to collapse: it has points where the load is greater and the tunnel can buckle. A round tunnel avoids that problem, because the loads are more evenly distributed. Square tunnels, therefore, are built where they are close to the surface.

https://www.pilotonline.com/2019/12/02/why-do-some-hampton-roads-tunnels-curve-when-others-dont

https://www.pilotonline.com/2019/12/02/why-do-some-hampton-roads-tunnels-curve-when-others-dont
Why do some Hampton Roads tunnels curve when others don’t?
It’s easier and cheaper to build a straight versus curved tunnel when possible, she said. While the bridge sections of the HRBT and MMMBT curve, the tunnels don’t.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/tunnel/Tunneling-techniques

https://www.britannica.com/technology/tunnel/Tunneling-techniques
Tunnels and underground excavations – Tunneling techniques
Tunnels and underground excavations – Tunneling techniques: Tunnels are generally grouped in four broad categories, depending on the material through which they pass: soft ground, consisting of soil and very weak rock; hard rock; soft rock, such as shale, chalk, and friable sandstone; and subaqueous. While these four broad types of ground condition require very different methods of excavation …

https://www.tunnelsonline.info/Uploads/WhitePaper/7776/7c4a21b6-ba82-409f-902d-a47f5a2b6d0e.pdf

https://www.tunnelsonline.info/Uploads/WhitePaper/7776/7c4a21b6-ba82-409f-902d-a47f5a2b6d0e.pdf
PDF Tunnels And
In tunnels, motorists are guided in straight lines and gentle bends. They do not cross each other. As safety is the first priority in tunnels, they can offer the safest environment for users. Thanks to proper lighting, a tunnel monitoring system and clear marking, they ensure a smooth and safe journey. Tunnels only beneficial for small
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