are start codons translated ?

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are start codons translated ?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_codon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_codon
Start codon – Wikipedia
Alternative start codons. Alternative start codons are different from the standard AUG codon and are found in both prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes. Alternate start codons are still translated as Met when they are at the start of a protein (even if the codon encodes a different amino acid otherwise).

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/translation/a/the-genetic-code-discovery-and-properties

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/translation/a/the-genetic-code-discovery-and-properties
The genetic code & codon table (article) | Khan Academy
Codons in an mRNA are read during translation, beginning with a start codon and continuing until a stop codon is reached. mRNA codons are read from 5′ to 3′ , and they specify the order of amino acids in a protein from N-terminus (methionine) to C-terminus.

https://www.news-medical.net / life-sciences / START-and-STOP-Codons.aspx

https://www.news-medical.net / life-sciences / START-and-STOP-Codons.aspx
START and STOP Codons – News-Medical.net
START codons. The codon AUG is called the START codon as it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation. AUG is the most common START codon and it codes for the amino acid …

https://biologydictionary.net/start-codon

https://biologydictionary.net/start-codon
Start Codon – Definition & Quiz | Biology Dictionary
Start Codon Definition. The start codon is the initiation signal for translation that is found on a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand. Remember that translation is the process that leads to the formation of strings of amino acids when anticodons present on the transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule attach to their complementary on the mRNA.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-rna-and-protein-synthesis/a/the-genetic-code

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-rna-and-protein-synthesis/a/the-genetic-code
The genetic code (article) | Khan Academy
Once translation has begun at the start codon, the following codons of the mRNA will be read one by one, in the 5′ to 3′ direction. As each codon is read, the matching amino acid is added to the C-terminus of the polypeptide. Most of the codons in the genetic code specify amino acids and are read during this phase of translation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5041461

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5041461
Principles of start codon recognition in eukaryotic translation …
Initiation of translation in eukaryotic protein synthesis is a rather complex process. In order to start the translational machinery, the correct codon for initiation must be found. This process is orchestrated by at least 12 proteins, the eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) ( 1, 2 ). The small 40S ribosomal subunit, in complex with eIF1, eIF1A …

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-expression-central-dogma/translation-polypeptides/a/the-stages-of-translation

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-expression-central-dogma/translation-polypeptides/a/the-stages-of-translation
Stages of translation (article) | Khan Academy
The short answer to that is that the sequence of the mRNA around a potential start codon influences whether or not it will be used§. These sequences are bound by proteins that help guide the ribosome to assemble at the correct place to start translation. (In fact, codons other than AUG are sometimes used as !)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705826

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705826
Why is start codon selection so precise in eukaryotes?
The use of harringtonine to identify functional start codons in mouse ES cells revealed numerous translated uORFs with near-cognate start codons, which outnumbered AUG-initiated uORFs by ~4:1, with CUG the most frequent. 12 In yeast the similar ribosome profiling data (but done without harringtonine that cannot diffuse into yeast) suggest that …

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12619-6

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12619-6
Selection on start codons in prokaryotes and potential … – Nature
The standard genetic code table contains one start codon, AUG. Over the years, however, many studies have demonstrated that alternative start codons, such as GUG, could be utilized for translation …

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-information-in-dna-determines-cellular-function-6523228

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-information-in-dna-determines-cellular-function-6523228
The Information in DNA Determines Cellular Function via Translation
The codons UAA, UAG, and UGA are the stop codons that signal the termination of translation. Figure 2 shows the 64 codon combinations and the amino acids or stop signals they specify.
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