what or who caused the plague ?

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what or who caused the plague ?

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https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death

https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death
Black Death | Definition, Cause, Symptoms, Effects, Death Toll, & Facts …
25 mars 2024Black Death, pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time. The Black Death is widely thought to have been the result of plague, caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
Effects and Significance
The population in England in 1400 was perhaps half what it had been 100 years earlier; in that country alone, the Black Death certainly caused the depopulation or total disappearance of about 1,000 villages. A rough estimate is that 25 million people in Europe died from plague during the Black Death. The population of western Europe did not …
Cause and Outbreak
Black Death – Bubonic Plague, Europe, 1347: The plague originated in Asia, and entered Europe in 1347 when Janibeg catapulted plague-infested corpses into the besieged port of Kaffa (now Feodosiya) in Crimea. From Kaffa, Genoese ships carried the epidemic westward to the rest of Europe, and the plague reached northern Europe by 1350.
Key Facts
The Black Death pandemic devastated Europe between 1347 and 1351. This pandemic took a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time. The Black Death is believed to have been the result of plague caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Most scientists think that this bacterium was …
Yersinia Pestis
Yersinia pestis, bacterium in the family Yersiniaceae (order Enterobacterales) that causes plague. Yersinia pestis is classified as a Gram-negative coccobacillus, being spherical to cylindrical in shape and having a thin peptidoglycan cell wall surrounded by an outer lipopolysaccharide membrane. It is also a facultative anaerobe, able to grow either with or without free oxygen.
Causes and Effects
Causes. A microscopic image shows Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague. The Black Death is widely believed to be the result of plague caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Scientists think the disease was first transmitted by infected rodents to humans through the bite of fleas.
How Did The Black Death Affect Europe
The effects of the Black Death were many and varied. Trade suffered for a time, and wars were temporarily abandoned. Many labourers died, which devastated families through lost means of survival and caused personal suffering; landowners who used labourers as tenant farmers were also affected. The labour shortage caused landowners to substitute wages or money rents in place of labour services …

https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death

https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death
Black Death – Causes, Symptoms & Impact | HISTORY
The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. Explore the facts of the plague, the symptoms it caused and how millions died from it.

https://en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Black_Death

https://en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Black_Death
Black Death – Wikipedia
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. One of the most fatal pandemics in human history, as many as 50 million people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe’s 14th century population. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas. One of the most significant events in European history, the Black Death had far-reaching …

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague
Plague – World Health Organization (WHO)
7 juil. 2022Plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, a zoonotic bacteria usually found in small mammals and their fleas. People infected with Y. pestis often develop symptoms after an incubation period of one to seven days. There are two main clinical forms of plague infection: bubonic and pneumonic. Bubonic is the most common form and is …

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-plague

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-plague
Plague (Black Death) bacterial infection information and facts
The cause of plague wasn’t discovered until the most recent global outbreak, which started in China in 1860 and didn’t officially end until 1959. The pandemic caused roughly 10 million deaths .

https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death/Cause-and-outbreak

https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death/Cause-and-outbreak
Black Death – Bubonic Plague, Europe, 1347 | Britannica
Black Death – Bubonic Plague, Europe, 1347: The plague originated in Asia, and entered Europe in 1347 when Janibeg catapulted plague-infested corpses into the besieged port of Kaffa (now Feodosiya) in Crimea. From Kaffa, Genoese ships carried the epidemic westward to the rest of Europe, and the reached northern Europe by 1350.

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Black-Death-Causes-and-Effects

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Black-Death-Causes-and-Effects
Black Death | Causes and Effects | Britannica
Causes. A microscopic image shows Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague. The Black Death is widely believed to be the result of plague caused by infection with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Scientists think the disease was first transmitted by infected rodents to humans through the bite of fleas.

https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline

https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline
The Black Death: A Timeline of the Gruesome Pandemic – HISTORY
The Black Death, also known as the Pestilence and the Plague, was the deadliest pandemics ever recorded. … Modern genetic analysis suggests that the Bubonic plague was caused by the bacterium …

https://www.who.int/health-topics/plague

https://www.who.int/health-topics/plague
Plague – World Health Organization (WHO)
Plague. Plague is an infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria, usually found in small mammals and their fleas. The disease is transmitted between animals via their fleas and, as it is a zoonotic bacterium, it can also transmit from animals to humans. Humans can be contaminated by the bite of infected fleas, through direct contact …

https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/a1g002b-do-you-like-coffee

hosted.lib.uiowa.edu/histmed/plague
The Black Death: The Plague, 1331-1770 – University of Iowa
The septicaemic plague is a form of deadly blood poisoning. The disease is contracted primarily through the bite of an infected insect. Septicemic plague can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, and is almost always fatal; the mortality rate in medieval times was 99-100 percent. Septicemic is the rarest of the three …
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