where are funny channels found ?

Description

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_current

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_current
Pacemaker current – Wikipedia
The pacemaker current ( If, or IKf, also called funny current) is an electric current in the heart that flows through the HCN channel or pacemaker channel. Such channels are important parts of the electrical conduction system of the heart and form a component of the natural pacemaker .

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circresaha.109.208041

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circresaha.109.208041
The Role of the Funny Current in Pacemaker Activity
The funny ( If) current, originally described in sinoatrial node myocytes as an inward current activated on hyperpolarization to the diastolic range of voltages, has properties suitable for generating repetitive activity and for modulating spontaneous rate.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / 17999560

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / 17999560
The funny current: cellular basis for the control of heart rate
The ‘funny’ (pacemaker, I (f)) current, first described almost 30 years ago in sinoatrial node (SAN) myocytes, is a mixed sodium/potassium inward current, activated on hyperpolarisation in the diastolic range of voltages.

https://cvphysiology.com/arrhythmias/a004

https://cvphysiology.com/arrhythmias/a004
CV Physiology | Sinoatrial Node Action Potentials
The funny currents, and Ca ++ currents through the T-type Ca ++ channels, decline during this phase as their respective channels close. Because the movement of Ca ++ through these channels into the cell is not rapid, the rate of depolarization (slope of Phase 0) is much slower than found in other cardiac cells (e.g., Purkinje cells ).

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20167941

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20167941
The role of the funny current in pacemaker activity – PubMed
The funny (I (f)) current, originally described in sinoatrial node myocytes as an inward current activated on hyperpolarization to the diastolic range of voltages, has properties suitable for generating repetitive activity and for modulating spontaneous rate.

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/circresaha.109.208041

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/circresaha.109.208041
The Role of the Funny Current in Pacemaker Activity – AHA/ASA Journals
A realization of the presence of spontaneous activity can be found in the work of Claudius Galen, who in the second century AD observed that the heart, removed from the thorax, can be seen to move for a considerable time . . . a Original received August 26, 2009; revision received October 13, 2009; accepted November 5, 2009.

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiologyonline.2002.17.1.32

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiologyonline.2002.17.1.32
From Funny Current to HCN Channels: 20 Years of Excitation
The funny (pacemaker) current has unusual characteristics, including activation on hyperpolarization, permeability to K+ and Na+, modulation by internal cAMP, and a tiny, single-channel conductance. In cardiac cells and neurons, pacemaker channels control repetitive activity and excitability. The recent cloning of HCN subunits provides new insight into the molecular basis for the …

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18375593

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18375593
Control of cardiac rate by funny channels in health and disease
Abstract. Activation of the funny (pacemaker, I f) current during the diastolic depolarization phase of an action potential is the main mechanism underlying spontaneous, rhythmic activity of cardiac pacemaker cells. In the past three decades, a wealth of evidence elucidating the function of the funny current in the generation and modulation …

https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003495-200767002-00003

https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003495-200767002-00003
The Funny Current | Drugs – Springer
The ‘funny’ (pacemaker, I f) current, first described almost 30 years ago in sinoatrial node (SAN) myocytes, is a mixed sodium/potassium inward current, activated on hyperpolarisation in the diastolic range of voltages.’Funny’ (f) channels are activated by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations according to a mechanism mediating regulation of heart rate by …

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705549

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705549
If Channel as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular …
In 1979, mammalian SAN cells, a specialized region of the heart, were found to express the funny channel as an inward current triggered on hyperpolarization in the diastolic range of voltages, thus influencing the contraction rate of the entire heart (Brown et al., 1979; DiFrancesco, 2008). lesoutrali bot