how low can the temperature get on mars

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https://www.space.com/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html

What is the Temperature on Mars? | Space
https://www.space.com/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html
Mars’s atmosphere is about 100 times thinner than Earth’s. Without a thermal blanket, Mars can’t retain any heat energy. On average, the temperature on Mars is about minus 80 degrees F ahrenheit…

https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/weather/

Mars Weather | InSight Mission – NASA’s InSight Mars Lander
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/weather/
The number of days (or sols, on Mars) runs along the bottom of the graph with the most recent day at the right; The vertical columns of color denote the seasons on Mars; Air Temperature: The black line shows the daily average air temperature in Celsius. Each sol’s maximum and minimum air temperatures are at the top and bottom of the vertical …

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-temperature-on-mars.html

What Is The Temperature On Mars? – WorldAtlas
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-temperature-on-mars.html
As a result, Mars’ atmosphere cannot retain heat and the surface of Mars has an average temperature of -81 °F. During winter, temperatures at the poles drop even further, reaching lows of -195 °F. Near the equator of Mars, daytime temperatures during the summer can reach 70 °F, but plummet to -100 °F at night.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars

Climate of Mars – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mars
Orbital measurements showed that this dust storm reduced the average temperature of the surface and raised the temperature of the atmosphere of Mars by 30 K. The low density of the Martian atmosphere means that winds of 18 to 22 m/s (65 to 79 km/h) are needed to lift dust from the surface, but since Mars is so dry, the dust can stay in the …

https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/temperature/

The Rover’s Temperature Controls – NASA Mars
https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/rover/temperature/
In fact, the ground temperatures at the rover landing sites swing up during the day and down again during the night, varying by up to 113 degrees Celsius (or 235 degrees Fahrenheit) per Mars day. That’s quite a temperature swing, when you consider that Earth temperatures typically vary by tens of degrees on average between night and day.

https://www.universetoday.com/118775/how-can-mars-sometimes-be-warmer-than-earth/

How Can Mars Sometimes Be Warmer Than Earth? – Universe Today

How Can Mars Sometimes Be Warmer Than Earth?

However, these comparative figures manage to conceal a few interesting facts about Mars. For starters, Mars experiences an average surface temperature of about -55 °C (-67 °F), with temperatures at…

https://phys.org/news/2019-11-climate-mars-cold-atmosphere-carbon.html

Climate explained: why Mars is cold despite an atmosphere …
https://phys.org/news/2019-11-climate-mars-cold-atmosphere-carbon.html
If tiny concentrations of carbon dioxide can hold enough heat to create a global warming impact on Earth, why is Mars cold? Its atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide.

https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/14875/what-is-the-temperature-55-km-beneath-the-surface-of-mars

What is the temperature 55 km beneath the surface of Mars …
https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/14875/what-is-the-temperature-55-km-beneath-the-surface-of-mars
Using the low estimate of Mars’s gradient to be 1/4 that of Earth’s Source, that’s a bit over 6° C per km. so 55 km, 330° C. Added that to Mars’ average surface temperature of -55 C, you’re talking 275° C or 527° F at 55 km underground, and that’s a low estimate.

https://www.firsttheseedfoundation.org/resource/tomatosphere/background/sunlight-mars-enough-light-mars-grow-tomatoes/

Sunlight on Mars – Is There Enough Light on Mars to Grow …
https://www.firsttheseedfoundation.org/resource/tomatosphere/background/sunlight-mars-enough-light-mars-grow-tomatoes/
The lack of a significant atmosphere, and hence very little greenhouse warming, combined with Mars’ distance from the Sun, make Mars a very cold place indeed. The only significant weather phenomena on Mars are dust storms and strong winds. These dust storms can obscure the sun for very long periods of time, sometimes exceeding several weeks.

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2175414-terraforming-mars-might-be-impossible-due-to-a-lack-of-carbon-dioxide/

Terraforming Mars might be impossible due to a lack of …
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2175414-terraforming-mars-might-be-impossible-due-to-a-lack-of-carbon-dioxide/
At one bar, the temperature would be just above 0°C, allowing liquid water, and thus life, on the surface. The atmosphere wouldn’t be breathable, but humans could get by with breathing masks, not…