how are the northern lights formed ?

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https://www.npr.org/2021/06/10/1004859458/what-causes-the-northern-lights-scientists-finally-know-for-sure

https://www.npr.org/2021/06/10/1004859458/what-causes-the-northern-lights-scientists-finally-know-for-sure
Scientists Have Proved What Causes The Northern Lights : NPR
10 juin 2021When the electrons reach Earth’s thin upper atmosphere, they collide with nitrogen and oxygen molecules, sending them into an excited state. The excited electrons eventually calm down and release…

https://www.space.com/15139-northern-lights-auroras-earth-facts-sdcmp.html

https://www.space.com/15139-northern-lights-auroras-earth-facts-sdcmp.html
Northern lights (aurora borealis): What they are & how to see them
30 juin 2023The northern lights are a result of energized particles from the sun hitting Earth’s upper atmosphere, creating a beautiful light show of colors. Learn how the northern lights are influenced by solar maximum, the magnetic field, and the chemical composition of Earth’s atmosphere, and where and when to see them in 2024.

https://www.rmg.co.uk / stories / topics / what-causes-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-explained

https://www.rmg.co.uk / stories / topics / what-causes-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-explained
What causes the Northern Lights? Aurora borealis explained
The aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, is caused by solar storms on the Sun’s surface heating up the atmosphere and molecules in the Earth’s magnetic field. The colours of the aurora are determined by the gases present, such as oxygen and nitrogen, and can be seen in the UK if the conditions are right.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57418070

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57418070
Aurora borealis: How northern lights are created has now been … – BBC
The aurora borealis, or northern lights, is a natural light display caused by the interaction of the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere. Researchers at the University of Iowa have now found that the most brilliant auroras are made by powerful electromagnetic waves during geomagnetic storms, similar to a surfer catching a wave.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora
Aurora – Wikipedia
Aurora australis seen from the ISS, 2017. An aurora (pl. aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth’s sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or …

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/aurora

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/aurora
Aurora – National Geographic Society
19 oct. 2023Auroras are natural light displays that shimmer in the sky, caused by solar wind interacting with Earth’s magnetic field. They are only visible at night, usually near the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, and have different colors depending on the kind of atoms involved. Learn more about the causes, colors, and effects of auroras, and see images and facts.

https://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2018/09/the-science-behind-aurora-borealis

https://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2018/09/the-science-behind-aurora-borealis
The Science Behind the Aurora Borealis
The aurora borealis (the Northern Lights) is much more than pretty lights-it’s a perfect blend of solar wind and magnetic fields. Lets check out the science behind the a urora b orealis. The northern lights (aurora borealis) and southern lights (aurora australis) are fascinating scientifically. In fact, aurora is not unique to the Earth.

https://www.britannica.com/story/what-causes-the-northern-and-southern-lights

https://www.britannica.com/story/what-causes-the-northern-and-southern-lights
What Causes the Northern and Southern Lights? | Britannica
The Sun’s corona —the outermost region of the Sun’s atmosphere, consisting of plasma (hot ionized gas)—drives the solar wind (a particle flux of protons and electrons) away from the Sun .

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northern-lights

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northern-lights
Northern Lights | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, dynamic displays of multicoloured luminosity appearing in the day or night sky in high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. At any instant of time, the auroras are arrayed along a band (the auroral oval) with the North MAGNETIC POLE near its centre.

https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/polar/telecons/archive/PR_E-PO/Aurora_flyer/aurora-flyer_p2.doc.pdf

https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/polar/telecons/archive/PR_E-PO/Aurora_flyer/aurora-flyer_p2.doc.pdf
PDF What causes the aurora? – NASA
Auroras usually occur in ring-shaped areas centered around the magnetic poles of Earth. The complete rings, called the auroral ovals, can only be seen from space. False color picture of the auroral oval in ultraviolet light. The brighter the color, the more intense the aurora. The crescent of color on the left is from sunlight scattered over … lesoutrali bot