how are lower courts created ?

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how are lower courts created ?

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https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artIII-S1-8-4/ALDE_00013560

https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artIII-S1-8-4/ALDE_00013560
Establishment of Inferior Federal Courts | Constitution Annotated …
The first Congress exercised its discretion to create lower federal courts in the Judiciary Act of 1789, the first legislation related to the Federal Judiciary. 3 Footnote 1 Stat. 73 . The 1789 Act created thirteen judicial districts, each of which had one district judge. 4 Footnote
Congressional Power to Create Federal Courts: A Legal Overview
Summary. The U.S. Constitution established only one federal court—the U.S. Supreme Court. Beyond this, Article III of the Constitution left it to the discretion of Congress to ordain and establish lower federal courts to conduct the judicial business of the federal government. From the very first, Congress established a host of …
Separation of Powers Under the Constitution | Constitution Annotated …
Id. art. II, § 1. and the Judicial Power in the Supreme Court and any lower courts created by Congress. 5 Footnote … The Supreme Court has also raised concerns about the judiciary encroaching on the legislative or executive spheres where a litigant asks the courts to recognize an implied cause of action, 13 Footnote

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution
Article Three of the United States Constitution – Wikipedia
The Supreme Court has interpreted this provision as enabling Congress to create inferior (i.e., lower) courts under both Article III, Section 1, and Article I, Section 8. The Article III courts, which are also known as constitutional courts, were first created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, and are the only courts with judicial power.

https://www.uscourts.gov / about-federal-courts / court-role-and-structure

https://www.uscourts.gov / about-federal-courts / court-role-and-structure
Court Role and Structure | United States Courts
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. Article III of the U.S. Constitution created the Supreme Court and authorized Congress to pass laws establishing a system of lower courts. In the federal court system’s present form, 94 district level trial courts and 13 courts of appeals sit below the Supreme .

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-3/section-1/establishment-of-inferior-federal-courts

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-3/section-1/establishment-of-inferior-federal-courts
Establishment of Inferior Federal Courts – LII / Legal Information …
Because Congress has the authority to decide whether the lower federal courts should exist, the legislature is also understood to enjoy broad power to structure the lower courts, make procedural rules for them, and regulate their jurisdiction.2 Footnote See, e.g., ArtIII.S1.4.2 Inherent Powers Over Judicial Procedure; ArtIII.S2.C2.6 Exceptions …

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-3/section-1/congressional-power-to-establish-article-iii-courts-doctrine-and-practice

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-3/section-1/congressional-power-to-establish-article-iii-courts-doctrine-and-practice
Congressional Power to Establish Article III Courts: Doctrine and …
Not until 1913 did Congress again exercise its power to abolish a federal court, this time the unfortunate Commerce Court, which had disappointed the expectations of most of its friends.17 Footnote The Court was created by the Act of June 18, 1910, 36 Stat. 539, and repealed by the Act of October 22, 1913, 38 Stat. 208, 219.

https://judiciallearningcenter.org/article-3-and-the-courts

https://judiciallearningcenter.org/article-3-and-the-courts
What Does Article III Say? | The Judicial Learning Center
The power to interpret the law of the United States will be held by the U.S. Supreme Court, and the lower federal courts. Inferior courts will be created by Congress from time to time. The Constitution itself created only the Supreme Court, but allowed Congress to create other, inferior (lower) courts over time. Thus as the case load of …

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-3/section-1/overview-of-establishment-of-article-iii-courts

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-3/section-1/overview-of-establishment-of-article-iii-courts
Overview of Establishment of Article III Courts | U.S. Constitution …
Congress has also periodically created courts under Article III to exercise specialized jurisdiction over specific … Article III courts, including the lower courts11 Footnote See ArtIII.S1.8.4 Establishment of Inferior Federal Courts. and courts of special jurisdiction,12 Footnote See ArtIII.S1.8.6 Courts of Specialized Jurisdiction and …

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=341673&p=2304084

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=341673&p=2304084
Lower Federal Courts – United States Federal Government Resources …
29 mars 2024The Supreme Court and the federal courts have the power to overturn any congressional or state legislation or other official governmental action that found to be inconsistent with the Constitution, Bill of Rights, or federal law. The lower federal courts, with the U.S. Supreme , comprise the 3 tiers of the Judicial Branch.

https://constitutioncenter.org/education/constitution-101-curriculum/9-the-judicial-system-and-current-cases

https://constitutioncenter.org/education/constitution-101-curriculum/9-the-judicial-system-and-current-cases
Module 9: The Judicial System and Current Cases
Purpose It is important to remember that Article III is a very short provision and doesn’t lay out many details about the Supreme Court and how it works—or even what the federal judiciary as a whole should look like. For example, it doesn’t set the number of Supreme Court justices, how many lower-court judges there should be in the federal judiciary, or when we should have any …

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-the-judicial-branch/a/lesson-summary-the-judicial-branch

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-the-judicial-branch/a/lesson-summary-the-judicial-branch
The judicial branch: lesson overview (article) | Khan Academy
Read the full text of Federalist No. 78. Article III – Article III of the US Constitution establishes the judicial branch of US government. It explicitly creates one Supreme Court, but gives Congress the power to create all other inferior courts. Article III guarantees judicial independence by granting lifetime appointments for justices and …
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