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can we use are with which ?

## That vs Which: Can You Really Use “Are With Which”?

The internet is full of grammar questions, and one that seems to pop up regularly is: “Can we use ‘are’ with ‘which’?” The short answer is… it’s complicated.

Let’s break it down.

**Understanding the Difference:**

* **That:** Used for *restrictive* clauses, which are essential to the meaning of the sentence. Think of them as narrowing down the information.
* **Example:** “The book **that** I read last night was fascinating.”

* **Which:** Used for *nonrestrictive* clauses, which provide extra information but aren’t essential to the meaning. They are often set off by commas.
* **Example:** “The book, **which** I borrowed from a friend, was fascinating.”

**The “Are” Confusion**

The question arises because “which” typically introduces a nonrestrictive clause, and nonrestrictive clauses are often followed by commas. This can lead to the grammatical misconception that “are” can’t be used with “which”.

**The Reality**

You can technically use “are” with “which” in certain situations. It’s more common in informal speech and writing than formal. Here’s how:

* **Informal Context:**

* “The options, **which are** A, B, and C…”

* **Emphasis:** “The cats, **which are** actually quite playful, seem aloof at first.” ( Here, “are” emphasizes the surprising contrast)

However, in most formal contexts, using “that” is preferred:

* **Formal Context:** “The options **that** are A, B, and C…”

**Key Takeaway**

While it’s possible to use “are” with “which”, it’s generally best to stick with “that” for clarity and formality in most situations.

Let me know if you have any other grammar questions!