Description

which or that ?

### That vs. Which: Choosing the Right Pronoun Relatif

Choosing between **that** and **which** in English can be tricky for both native speakers and language learners alike. Despite functioning as similar pronouns, the context and the structure of the sentence determine which should be used. Here’s a detailed look to clarify the use of that and which in English.

#### Introduction to the Problem

The confusion primarily arises due to the similarity in function and meaning between these two words. However, the distinction lies in their role within the sentence: defining (necessary/essential) or non-defining (unnecessary/non-essential). If you’re not sure when to use which or that, you’re not alone, but there’s an easy tip to make the choice clear.

#### The Rule of Thumb

– Use **that** when the clause is **restrictive** (essential to the meaning of the sentence). If removing the clause changes the meaning of the sentence, it should use **”that”.**

– Use **which** for **non-restrictive** clauses (provide additional context) or those that are separated by commas. If the non-restrictive clause can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence, use **”which”.**

#### Examples to Illustrate the Points

Consider these examples to see the rule in action.

1. **Restrictive Clause: That**

– *Sentence*: “The book that you need is on the table.”
– **Analysis**: “that you need” is critical because it identifies which book we are talking about. Removing “that you need” would make it unclear which book should be on the table.

2. **Non-Restrictive Clause: Which**

– *Sentence*: “The book, which is on the table, is one you need.”
– **Analysis**: “which is on the table” provides additional detail but does not restrict the identification of the book. The sentence still makes sense without this information.

#### Tips from Experts

While the guideline about restrictive and non-restrictive clauses is the core of the rule, it’s also beneficial to note some expert advice:

1. **Dictionary.com**: Stresses that a restrictive clause usually follows a “that” while a non-restrictive clause is more likely to be introduced by “which,” sometimes set apart by commas.

2. **Merriam-Webster**: Emphasizes that “which” is often preferred when you have a nonrestrictive clause and that “that” is used to introduce a restrictive clause.

3. **Grammarly Blog**: Provides a simple mnemonic: disposable. If the clause can be removed without affecting the core meaning of the sentence, use which.

4. **Lexico and Purdue**: Both highlight the geographical difference noting that in British English, “which” has more flexibility, sometimes seen as a British exception to the rule.

#### Wrap-Up

Understanding the distinction between that and which simplifies the rules of the English language, especially when dealing with restrictive and non-restrictive clauses. While in American English, the distinction is more rigid, British English allows more flexibility, particularly with the use of “which” in restrictive clauses.

In conclusion, selecting between that and which primarily comes down to considering whether the information following is essential to the core meaning or is non-essential, serving as additional information. Remember the rule, practice with examples, and you’ll tackle the use of these pronounn relatifs with confidence.

This knowledge can ease the journey for both learners and professionals in conquering the complexities of the English language. Happy writing, and may your use of ‘that’ and ‘which’ always be perfectly aligned with the sentence’s intent!